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Airspeed is commonly given in knots (kn). Since 2010, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) recommends using kilometers per hour (km/h) for airspeed (and meters per second for wind speed on runways), but allows using the de facto standard of knots, and has no set date on when to stop.
In aviation, V-speeds are standard terms used to define airspeeds important or useful to the operation of all aircraft. [1] These speeds are derived from data obtained by aircraft designers and manufacturers during flight testing for aircraft type-certification.
The aircraft's pilot manual usually gives critical V speeds as IAS, those speeds indicated by the airspeed indicator. This is because the aircraft behaves similarly at the same IAS no matter what the TAS is: E.g.
The airspeed indicator (ASI) or airspeed gauge is a flight instrument indicating the airspeed of an aircraft in kilometres per hour (km/h), knots (kn or kt), miles per hour (MPH) and/or metres per second (m/s).
A free windows calculator which converts between various airspeeds (true / equivalent / calibrated) according to the appropriate atmospheric (standard and not standard!) conditions; Android application for airspeed conversion in different atmospheric conditions; True, Equivalent, and Calibrated Airspeed at MathPages; Newbyte airspeed converter
where the pressure ratio =, and CAS, EAS are airspeeds and can be measured in knots, km/h, mph or any other appropriate unit. The above formula is accurate within 1% ...
Approach category definitions in the United States of America are similar to those defined by ICAO. They are defined in terms of V REF of a given aircraft, or if V REF is not specified, 1.3 V s0 at the maximum certificated landing weight.
A free windows calculator which converts between various airspeeds (true / equivalent / calibrated) according to the appropriate atmospheric (standard and not standard!) conditions; A free android calculator which converts various airspeeds according to atmospheric characteristics; Newbyte airspeed converter