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Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is a surgical procedure in which a portion of the sympathetic nerve trunk in the thoracic region is destroyed. [1] [2] ETS is used to treat excessive sweating in certain parts of the body (focal hyperhidrosis), facial flushing, Raynaud's disease and reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
Excessive sweating due to nervousness, anger, previous trauma or fear is called hyperhidrosis. Compensatory hyperhidrosis is the most common side effect of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy, a surgery to treat severe focal hyperhidrosis, often affecting just one part of the body. It may also be called rebound or reflex hyperhidrosis.
Hyperhidrosis is a medical condition in which a person exhibits excessive sweating, [1] [2] more than is required for the regulation of body temperature. [3] Although it is primarily a physical burden, hyperhidrosis can deteriorate the quality of life of the people who are affected from a psychological, emotional, and social perspective. [4]
Dysautonomia, autonomic failure, or autonomic dysfunction is a condition in which the autonomic nervous system (ANS) does not work properly. This condition may affect the functioning of the heart, bladder, intestines, sweat glands, pupils, and blood vessels.
Night sweats or nocturnal hyperhidrosis [1] is the repeated occurrence of excessive sweating during sleep. [2] The person may or may not also perspire excessively while awake. One of the most common causes of night sweats in women over 40 is the hormonal changes related to menopause and perimenopause . [ 3 ]
Since the 2010s, oxybutynin has increasingly been used to treat hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating). [15] [16] Numerous studies have identified concrete benefits of the drug in treating this condition, but have not identified appropriate dosing or the full spectrum of possible side effects, although dry mouth is seemingly infrequent in patients with hyperhidrosis.
Focal hyperhidrosis, also known as primary hyperhidrosis, is a disease characterized by an excessive sweating localized in certain body regions (particularly palms, feet and underarms). Studies suggest that this condition, affecting between 1% and 3% of the US population, seems to have a genetic predisposition in about two thirds of those affected.
Since one side of the body sweats and flushes appropriately to the condition, the other side of the body will have an absence of such symptoms. [ 3 ] Harlequin syndrome can alternatively be the outcome of a one-sided endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) or endoscopic sympathetic blockade (ESB) surgery.