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Mura is a Japanese word meaning "unevenness; irregularity; lack of uniformity; nonuniformity; inequality", [1] and is a key concept in the Toyota Production System (TPS) as one of the three types of waste (muda, mura, muri). [2]
From an end-customer's point of view, value-added work is any activity that produces goods or provides a service for which a customer is willing to pay; muda is any constraint or impediment that causes waste to occur. [3] There are two types of muda: [4] Muda type I: non value-adding, but necessary for end-customers. These are usually harder to ...
Muri is one of three types of waste (muda, mura, muri) identified in the Toyota Production System. Waste reduction is an effective way to increase profitability. Muri can be avoided through standardized work. To achieve this a standard condition or output must be defined to assure effective judgment of quality. Then every process and function ...
The most significant effects on process value delivery are achieved by designing a process capable of delivering the required results smoothly; by designing out "mura" (inconsistency). It is also crucial to ensure that the process is as flexible as necessary without stress or "muri" (overburden) since this generates "muda" (waste).
Production leveling, also known as production smoothing or – by its Japanese original term – heijunka (平準化), [1] is a technique for reducing the mura (unevenness) which in turn reduces muda (waste). It was vital to the development of production efficiency in the Toyota Production System and lean manufacturing. The goal is to produce ...
"Lean" is a systematic method for the elimination of waste ("Muda") within a manufacturing system. Lean also takes into account waste created through overburden ("Muri") and waste created through unevenness in work loads ("Mura"). Working from the perspective of the client who consumes a product or service, "value" is any action or process that ...
The seven types of waste (seven Muda) as typical sources of loss. The waste itself is the obvious cause of losses. A distinction is made between seven types of waste that occur almost everywhere in the company. Muda due to overproduction Produce more than necessary. Muda due to waiting time Inactive hands of an employee.
A muda was the convoy of merchant ships that usually left Venice in spring and came back in autumn. In the earliest times, the mudas only visited ports in the Levant . In later years, the ships sailed also to European ports.