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The 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia were a series of cyberattacks that began on 27 April 2007 and targeted websites of Estonian organizations, including Estonian parliament, banks, ministries, newspapers, and broadcasters, amid the country's disagreement with Russia about the relocation of the Bronze Soldier of Tallinn, an elaborate Soviet-era grave marker, as well as war graves in Tallinn.
State-sponsored hackers target either citizens of their country or foreign entities, for such purposes as political repression and espionage. [ 71 ] After a data breach, criminals make money by selling data, such as usernames, passwords, social media or customer loyalty account information, debit and credit card numbers, [ 69 ] and personal ...
The cyber attack served as a wake up call to Estonia and for the entire world on the importance of cyber defence. As cyberattacks continue to increase around the world, countries still look at the attacks on Estonia in the 2007 as an example of how countries can fight future cyberattacks and terrorism.
A cyberattack is any type of offensive maneuver employed by individuals or whole organizations that targets computer information systems, infrastructures, computer networks, and/or personal computer devices by various means of malicious acts usually originating from an anonymous source that either steals, alters, or destroys a specified target by hacking into a susceptible system.
Cyber war is an extension of policy by actions taken in cyber space by state or nonstate actors that constitute a serious threat to a nation's security or are conducted in response to a perceived threat against a nation's security. Taddeo offered the following definition in 2012:
Work and Pensions Secretary Liz Kendall has said Nato countries are involved in a “hidden cyber war” with Russia. Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster Pat McFadden will warn in a major speech ...
Cross-border cyber-exfiltration operations are in tension with international legal norms, so U.S. law enforcement efforts to collect foreign cyber evidence raises complex jurisdictional questions. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Since fighting cybercrime involves great amount of sophisticated legal and other measures, only milestones rather than full texts are ...
The attack was estimated to have affected more than 300,000 computers [6] across 150 countries, [6] with total damages ranging from hundreds of millions to billions of dollars. At the time, security experts believed from preliminary evaluation of the worm that the attack originated from North Korea or agencies working for the country.