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Philippine literature in English has its roots in the efforts of the United States, then engaged in a war with Filipino nationalist forces at the end of the 19th century. By 1901, public education was institutionalized in the Philippines , with English serving as the medium of instruction.
The Philippine revolution brought a wave of nationalistic literary works, with propagandists and revolutionaries advocating for Filipino representation or independence from Spanish authority. Illustrados like Pedro Alejandro Paterno, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Jose Rizal contributed to the development of Philippine literature.
The Ilustrados (Spanish: [ilusˈtɾaðos], "erudite", [1] "learned" [2] or "enlightened ones" [3]) constituted the Filipino intelligentsia (educated class) during the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century. [4] [5] Elsewhere in New Spain (of which the Philippines were part), the term gente de razón carried a similar meaning.
The culture of the Philippines is characterized by great ethnic diversity. [1] Although the multiple ethnic groups of the Philippine archipelago have only recently established a shared Filipino national identity, [2] their cultures were all shaped by the geography and history of the region, [3] [4] and by centuries of interaction with neighboring cultures, and colonial powers.
The Ibong Adarna, whose author is unknown, was written in Tagalog and published in the 18th century, while Florante at Laura, also in Tagalog, authored by Francisco Balagtas, was published in the 19th century. In 1961, Ricaredo Demetillo published Barter in Panay, claimed to be the first literary epic of the Philippines. It was written in English.
This is a non-diffusing parent category of Category:19th-century Filipino women writers The contents of that subcategory can also be found within this category, or in diffusing subcategories of it. Subcategories
Ibong Adarna, also known as The Adarna Bird, [1] is an early 19th century Filipino epic poem that centers around a magical bird of the same name. During the Spanish era, the longer form of the story's title was Corrido at Buhay na Pinagdaanan ng Tatlong Prinsipeng Magcacapatid na anac ni Haring Fernando at ni Reyna Valeriana sa Cahariang Berbanya ' ("Corrido and Life Lived by the Three Princes ...
Their so-called Ninay doll collection portrayed Ninay as a baby, as an adult, and as a grandmother. Through Ninay the doll, Tesoro and Guia portrayed the cultural and social life of Filipinos during the 19th century – the Spanish era – in Philippine history, as depicted in Ninay the novel. The "first edition" of the Ninay doll collection ...