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In condensed-matter physics, channelling (or channeling) is the process that constrains the path of a charged particle in a crystalline solid. [1] [2] [3]Many physical phenomena can occur when a charged particle is incident upon a solid target, e.g., elastic scattering, inelastic energy-loss processes, secondary-electron emission, electromagnetic radiation, nuclear reactions, etc.
Emission channeling is an experimental technique for identifying the position of short-lived radioactive atoms in the lattice of a single crystal. [ 1 ] When the radioactive atoms decay, they emit fast charged particles (e.g., α-particles and β-particles ).
[1] [2] There are different types of mediumship or spirit channelling, including séance tables, trance, and ouija. The practice is associated with spiritualism and spiritism. A similar New Age practice is known as channeling. Belief in psychic ability is widespread [3] despite the absence of empirical evidence for its existence. [4]
Example of texture splatting, except an additional alphamap is applied. In computer graphics, texture splatting is a method for combining different textures.It works by applying an alphamap (also called a "weightmap" or a "splat map") to the higher levels, thereby revealing the layers underneath where the alphamap is partially or completely transparent.
This can be generalized to the case where the two states being compared are given by density matrices: [16] [17] (,) = (). The channel fidelity for a given channel is found by sending one half of a maximally entangled pair of systems through that channel, and calculating the fidelity between the resulting state and the original input.
Whether formed by chance or necessity, by headward erosion or downslope convergence, whether inherited or newly formed. [1] Depending on different geological factors such as weathering, erosion, depositional environment, and sediment type, different types of channel patterns can form.
The time-division multiple access (TDMA) channel access scheme is based on the time-division multiplexing (TDM) scheme. TDMA provides different time slots to different transmitters in a cyclically repetitive frame structure. For example, node 1 may use time slot 1, node 2 time slot 2, etc. until the last transmitter when it starts over.
Covert channels can tunnel through secure operating systems and require special measures to control. Covert channel analysis is the only proven way to control covert channels. [citation needed] By contrast, secure operating systems can easily prevent misuse of legitimate channels, so distinguishing both is important. Analysis of legitimate ...