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In electromagnetism, charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume. Volume charge density (symbolized by the Greek letter ρ) is the quantity of charge per unit volume, measured in the SI system in coulombs per cubic meter (C⋅m −3), at any point in a volume.
The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal nĚ‚, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P. Position vector r is a point to calculate the electric field; r ...
Densities: mass density, air density or charge density (ρ) Resistivity (ρ) Rho meson (ρ +, ρ −, ρ 0) General quantum states; Hammett Equation, ρ is used to represent the reaction constant, this is independent of the position and nature of the substituents of the benzene ring. In mathematics to represent:
Electric charge: Q: The force per unit electric field strength coulomb (C = A⋅s) T I: extensive, conserved Electric charge density: ρ Q: Electric charge per unit volume C/m 3: L −3 T I: intensive Electrical conductance: G: Measure for how easily current flows through a material siemens (S = Ω −1) L −2 M −1 T 3 I 2: scalar Electrical ...
mass density usually simply called density kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m 3) volume charge density: coulomb per cubic meter (C/m 3) resistivity: ohm meter (Ω⋅m) sigma: summation operator area charge density: coulomb per square meter (C/m 2) electrical conductivity: siemens per meter (S/m) normal stress: pascal (Pa)
r is a point at which the potential is evaluated; R is a region containing all the points at which the charge density is nonzero; r ' is a point inside R; and; ρ(r ') is the charge density at the point r '. The equations given above for the electric potential (and all the equations used here) are in the forms required by SI units.
Symbol Meaning SI Units of Measure Electric field volts per meter Magnetic field amperes per meter Electric displacement coulombs per square meter
To the accuracy of this dipole approximation, as shown in the previous section, the dipole moment density p(r) (which includes not only p but the location of p) serves as P(r). At locations inside the charge array, to connect an array of paired charges to an approximation involving only a dipole moment density p(r) requires additional ...