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Bladder cancer is most common in wealthier regions of the world, where exposure to certain carcinogens is highest. It is also common in places where schistosome infection is common, such as North Africa. [56] Bladder cancer is much more common in men than women; around 1.1% of men and 0.27% of women develop bladder cancer. [2]
Bladder cancer in cats and dogs usually is transitional cell carcinoma, [1] which arises from the epithelial cells that line the bladder. Less often, cancer of the urinary bladder is squamous cell carcinoma , adenocarcinoma , or rhabdomyosarcoma .
They cannot be reliably differentiated from low grade papillary urothelial carcinomas using cytology, [1] and their diagnosis (vis-a-vis low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma) has a poor inter-rater reliability. [2] Pathologic grading and staging tumors are: graded by the degree of cellular atypia (G1->G3), and staged: [citation needed ...
In dogs with transitional cell carcinomas, surgery is sometimes done when only a single tumor is present in the bladder. Most dogs, however, will need radiation, chemotherapy, and other medications.
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Cisplatin and gemcitabine treatment may be associated with less severe side effects. [5] Up to half of people with bladder cancer are not able to take these chemotherapy treatments due to their overall health. Taxanes or vinflunine have been used as second-line therapy (after progression on a platinum containing chemotherapy). [16]
No cure for cancer in canines exist. [2] Some dog owners opt for no treatment of the cancer at all, in which case palliative care, including pain relief, may be offered. Regardless of how treatment proceeds following a diagnosis, the quality of life of the pet is an important consideration.
Mast cell tumor on lip of a dog. Veterinary oncology is a subspecialty of veterinary medicine that deals with cancer diagnosis and treatment in animals. Cancer is a major cause of death in pet animals. In one study, 45% of the dogs that reached 10 years of age or older died of cancer. [1]