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Figure 11: Phenyl initiator from benzoyl peroxide (BPO) attacks a styrene molecule to start the polymer chain. Figure 12: An orbital drawing of the initiator attack on ethylene molecule, producing the start of the polyethylene chain.
Polymerization in which polymer is formed in monomer, or monomer-solvent droplets in a continuous phase that is a nonsolvent for both the monomer and the formed polymer. Note 1: In suspension polymerization, the initiator is located mainly in the monomer phase. Note 2: Monomer or monomer-solvent droplets in suspension polymerization have
A standard procedure for the preparation of peresters is the acylation of tert-butyl hydroperoxide with benzoyl chloride. [6] In the reaction a large excess of tert-butyl hydroperoxide is used and the hydrogen chloride formed is removed in vacuo whereby a virtually quantitative yield is obtained. Synthesis of tert-butylperoxybenzoate
Benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizer, which is principally used in the production of polymers. [5] Benzoyl peroxide is mainly used in production of plastics [5] [6] and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles. [7] [8] As a bleach, it has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant. [6] [8]
In polymer chemistry, polymerization (American English), or polymerisation (British English), is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks. [1] [2] [3] There are many forms of polymerization [4] and different systems exist to categorize them. IUPAC definition for ...
Butadiene is then added and after styrene again its polymerization. The catalyst remains active during the whole process (for which the used chemicals must be of high purity). The molecular weight distribution of the polymers is very low ( polydispersity in the range of 1.05, the individual chains have thus very similar lengths).
However in step-growth polymerization the monomer is consumed very quickly to dimer, trimer and oligomer. The degree of polymerization increases steadily during the whole polymerization process. The type of polymerization of a given monomer usually depends on the functional groups present, and sometimes also on whether the monomer is linear or ...
Benzoyl peroxide ((PhC)OO) 2) generates benzoyloxyl radicals (PhCOO•), each of which loses carbon dioxide to be converted into a phenyl radical (Ph•). Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide is also common, and acetone peroxide is on rare occasions used as a radical initiator, too. Inorganic peroxides function analogously to organic peroxides.