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Catathrenia or nocturnal groaning is a sleep-related breathing disorder, consisting of end-inspiratory apnea (breath holding) and expiratory groaning during sleep.It describes a rare condition characterized by monotonous, irregular groans while sleeping. [1]
Echopraxia is a typical symptom of Tourette syndrome but causes are not well elucidated. [1]Frontal lobe animation. One theoretical cause subject to ongoing debate surrounds the role of the mirror neuron system (MNS), a group of neurons in the inferior frontal gyrus (F5 region) of the brain that may influence imitative behaviors, [1] but no widely accepted neural or computational models have ...
Rhythmic movement disorder differs from Restless Legs Syndrome in that RMD involves involuntary contractions of muscles with no urge or uncomfortable sensation to provoke such movement. Additionally, 80-90% of individuals with Restless Legs Syndrome show periodic limb movements as observed on a polysomnogram, which are not common in RMD patients.
Some of the phrases often used to describe earworms include "musical imagery repetition" and "involuntary musical imagery". [1] [12] [13] The word earworm is a calque from the German Ohrwurm. [14] [15] The earliest known English usage is in Desmond Bagley's 1978 novel Flyaway, where the author points out the German origin of his word. [16]
Because misophonia is not well studied, Guerra says prevalence estimates range significantly and include everything as low as 1% to 2% of the population to as high as 20%.
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Echolalia and echopraxia are distinguishing tics of Tourette syndrome (TS); [1] the echolalic repetitions of individuals with TS are mainly echoes from within their own "tic repertoire". [1] Evidence points to a healthy mirror neuron system (MNS), but "inadequate imitation-control mechanism, which make them vulnerable to interferences".
Palilalia (from the Greek πάλιν (pálin) meaning "again" and λαλιά (laliá) meaning "speech" or "to talk"), [1] a complex tic, is a language disorder characterized by the involuntary repetition of syllables, words, or phrases.