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A Mars sample-return (MSR) mission is a proposed mission to collect rock and dust samples on Mars and return them to Earth. [1] Such a mission would allow more extensive analysis than that allowed by onboard sensors. [2]
In the summer of 2001, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) requested mission concepts and proposals from industry-led teams (Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and TRW). [17] The science requirements included at least 500 grams (18 oz) of samples, rover mobility to obtain samples at least 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from the landing spot, and drilling to obtain one sample from a depth of 2 metres (6 ft 7 in).
The Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM) is a mission concept for a Mars air and dust sample return. It was a semi-finalist at the Mars Scout Program along with four other missions in December 2002. [2] [3] The SCIM mission would be designed to skim through the Mars atmosphere without landing or entering orbit. [1]
Later, other sample-return missions failed: Kosmos 300 and Kosmos 305 in 1969, Luna E-8-5 No. 405 in 1970, Luna E-8-5M No. 412 in 1975 had unsuccessful launches, and Luna 18 in 1971 and Luna 23 in 1974 had unsuccessful landings on the Moon. [13] In 1970, the Soviet Union planned for a 1975 first Mars sample-return mission in the Mars 5NM project.
Scientists have spotted a two-kilometre-high (1.2 miles) whirlwind on Mars. The amazing spectacle observed by Nasa's Perseverance rover was revealed to be a dust devil moving across the Martian ...
Phoenix was the first mission to return data from ... of the Martian atmosphere due to dust, ... to send their names to Mars. This DVD-ROM is designed to be read on ...
Mars Orbit Dust Experiment (MODEX): It will measure the origin, abundance, distribution, and flux at high altitudes on Mars. There are no measurements of Interplanetary Dust Particles (IDPs) at Mars. The instrument can detect particles of size from a few hundred nm to few μm, travelling at hypervelocity (> 1 km/s).
ExoMars (Exobiology on Mars) is an astrobiology programme of the European Space Agency (ESA).. The goals of ExoMars are to search for signs of past life on Mars, [1] [2] investigate how the Martian water and geochemical environment varies, investigate atmospheric trace gases and their sources and, by doing so, demonstrate the technologies for a future Mars sample-return mission.