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Mangrove environments in the Eastern Hemisphere harbor six times as many species of trees and shrubs as do mangroves in the New World. Genetic divergence of mangrove lineages from terrestrial relatives, in combination with fossil evidence, suggests mangrove diversity is limited by evolutionary transition into the stressful marine environment ...
In just the last decade, at least 35 percent of the world's mangroves have been destroyed, exceeding the rate of the disappearance of tropical rainforests. [16] Mangroves provide a number of essentials for many different ecosystems, including food and shelter for a diverse animal community, living both below and above sea level. [17]
Their loss would be ‘disastrous’, conservationists warned as a global assessment on how mangroves are faring was published. Half the world’s mangroves ‘at risk of collapse’ as climate ...
The Philippines, with the fifth longest coastline in the world, holds at least 50% of known mangrove species and is considered one of the top 15 most mangrove-rich countries. Philippine mangrove forests cover an estimated 2,473.62 km 2 (955.07 sq mi) of coastline as of 2003, which comprise 3% of the total forest cover remaining in the country.
Mangrove plants require a number of physiological adaptations to overcome the problems of low environmental oxygen levels, high salinity, and frequent tidal flooding.Each species has its own solutions to these problems; this may be the primary reason why, on some shorelines, mangrove tree species show distinct zonation.
Mangrove ecosystems are found in about 120 countries [8] in the world and make up 0.7% of the world's tropical forests. [7] In most of these regions mangroves provide many services including; shelter, climate regulation through carbon sequestration, [ 7 ] decrease coastal erosion, create a link between terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and ...
The climate is arid, the region only receives between 25 and 50 centimetres (9.8 and 19.7 in) of rainfall in a normal year. The delta is home to the largest arid mangrove forests in the world, [2] as well as many birds, fish and the Indus dolphin. Indus Delta, the fifth largest delta in the world, is a designated wetland and a Ramsar site. [3]
A 2014 book proposed a distinction between the Chocoan and Equatorial-Pacific mangrove forests. [13] Endemic species such as Avicennia tonduzi and Avicennia bicolor are found in the Pacific mangroves. [12] More than 70% of Colombia's mangroves grow on the Pacific coast. They form tall, well-structured forests with trees up to 30 metres (98 ft ...