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Sleepers are 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) long, 10 inches (254 mm) wide and 5 inches (127 mm) deep. The two sleepers adjacent to a joint may be 12 inches (305 mm) wide where the formation is soft or the traffic is heavy and fast.
A chair screw (also known as coach screw [16]) is a large (~6 in or 152 mm length, slightly under 1 in or 25 mm diameter) metal screw used to fix a chair (for bullhead rail), baseplate (for flat bottom rail) or to directly fasten a rail. Chair screws are screwed into a hole bored in the sleeper. [17]
The railways moved towards standardisation on a softwood sleeper preserved by pressure injection of creosote, measuring 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) long by 10 in (250 mm) by 5 in (130 mm). Chairs were secured to the sleepers by trenails (steel spikes driven through a timber sleeve) or three chair-screws on first class routes.
Track gauge conversion is the changing of one railway track gauge (the distance between the running rails) to another. In general, requirements depend on whether the conversion is from a wider gauge to a narrower gauge or vice versa, on how the rail vehicles can be modified to accommodate a track gauge conversion, and on whether the gauge conversion is manual or automated.
Track ballast is the material which forms the trackbed upon which railroad ties (UK: sleepers) are laid. It is packed between, below, and around the ties. [ 1 ] It is used to bear the compression load of the railroad ties, rails, and rolling stock ; to facilitate drainage ; and keep down vegetation that can compromise the integrity of the ...
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The 1 ft 11 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (597 mm) gauge Lynton and Barnstaple Railway (1898 to 1935) in North Devon, experimented with concrete sleepers at a number of locations along the line. As the sleepers were cast to gauge, they were of little use outside the station areas on this very curvaceous line where gauge slackening was commonly required.
In 1978, the two cars were returned to broad gauge, and took on the numbers No. 15 Sleeper (ex 1VAC) and No. 16 Sleeper (ex 2VAC) following on from Sleepers 1 to 10 (ex E type carriages) and Sleepers 11 to 14 (ex V&SAR Overland Carriages), for operation on The Vinelander service to Mildura. By 1982 they had been internally refitted as full ...