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  2. Ionic radius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_radius

    Ionic radius, r ion, is the radius of a monatomic ion in an ionic crystal structure. Although neither atoms nor ions have sharp boundaries, they are treated as if they were hard spheres with radii such that the sum of ionic radii of the cation and anion gives the distance between the ions in a crystal lattice.

  3. Atomic radius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_radius

    In principle, the spacing between two adjacent oppositely charged ions (the length of the ionic bond between them) should equal the sum of their ionic radii. [13] Covalent radius: the nominal radius of the atoms of an element when covalently bound to other atoms, as deduced from the separation between the atomic nuclei in molecules. In ...

  4. Molecular model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_model

    The plastic is white and can be painted to distinguish between O and N atoms. Hydrogen atoms are normally implicit and modelled by snipping off the spokes. A model of a typical protein with approximately 300 residues could take a month to build. It was common for laboratories to build a model for each protein solved.

  5. Chemical similarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_similarity

    Chemical similarity (or molecular similarity) refers to the similarity of chemical elements, molecules or chemical compounds with respect to either structural or functional qualities, i.e. the effect that the chemical compound has on reaction partners in inorganic or biological settings.

  6. Chemical bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond

    A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms. This attraction may be seen as the result of different behaviors of the outermost or valence electrons of atoms. These behaviors merge into each other seamlessly in various circumstances, so that there is no clear line to be drawn between them.

  7. Lewis structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_structure

    Lewis structure of a water molecule. Lewis structures – also called Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures (LEDs) – are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule, as well as the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.

  8. Isomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomer

    In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. [1] Isomerism refers to the existence or possibility of isomers. Isomers do not necessarily share similar chemical or physical properties.

  9. Molecular orbital diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital_diagram

    Two atomic orbitals in phase create a larger electron density, which leads to the σ orbital. If the two 1s orbitals are not in phase, a node between them causes a jump in energy, the σ* orbital. From the diagram you can deduce the bond order, how many bonds are formed between the two atoms. For this molecule it is equal to one.

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