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Free-running sleep is a rare sleep pattern whereby the sleep schedule of a person shifts later every day. [1] It occurs as the sleep disorder non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder or artificially as part of experiments used in the study of circadian rhythms and other rhythms in biology .
Though often referred to as non-24, for example by the FDA, [30] the disorder is also known as: non-24-hour sleep–wake syndrome or disorder, [3] free-running disorder (FRD), [citation needed] hypernychthemeral syndrome, [31] hypernychthemeral sleep-wake cycle disturbance, [32] circadian rhythm sleep disorder—free-running type or ...
Tasimelteon, sold under the brand name Hetlioz, is a medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [3] in January 2014, for the treatment of non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder (also called non-24, N24 and N24HSWD). [4]
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD), also known as circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders (CRSWD), are a family of sleep disorders that affect the timing of sleep. CRSDs cause a persistent pattern of sleep/wake disturbances that arise either by dysfunction in one's biological clock system, or by misalignment between one's endogenous oscillator and externally imposed cues.
The current formal name established in the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) is delayed sleep-wake phase disorder. Earlier, and still common, names include delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), delayed sleep phase type (DSPT), and circadian rhythm sleep disorder. [37]
Here is an example of how chronotherapy could work over a week's course of treatment, with the patient going to sleep 3 hours later every day until the desired sleep and wake time is reached. [1] Day 1: sleep 3:00 am to 11:00 am; Day 2: sleep 6:00 am to 2:00 pm; Day 3: sleep 9:00 am to 5:00 pm; Day 4: sleep 12:00 pm to 8:00 pm; Day 5: sleep 3: ...
Sleep specialists measure the patient's sleep onset and offset, dim light melatonin onset, and evaluate Horne-Ostberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire results. Sleep specialists may also conduct a polysomnography test to rule out other sleep disorders like narcolepsy. Age and family history of the patient is also taken into consideration. [2]
The response rate to sleep deprivation is generally agreed to be approximately 40-60%. A 2017 meta-analysis of 66 sleep studies with partial or total sleep deprivation in the treatment of depression found that the overall response rate (immediate relief of symptoms) to total sleep deprivation was 50.4% of individuals, and the response rate to partial sleep deprivation was 53.1% [3] In 2009, a ...