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Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. [11] [12] Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form. [13] Malnutrition is a category of diseases that includes undernutrition and ...
In fact, the world has been set back 15 years, with levels of undernourishment similar to those in 2008-2009, with between 713 and 757 million people undernourished in 2023, and over 152 million more than in 2019 when the mid-range was 733 million. [6] The bloated stomach represents a form of malnutrition called kwashiorkor.
Chronic hunger and malnutrition in childhood can lead to stunted growth of children. [10] Once stunting has occurred, improved nutritional intake after the age of about two years is unable to reverse the damage. Severe malnutrition in early childhood often leads to defects in cognitive development. [11]
Studies have found a strong association between undernutrition and child mortality. [15] Once malnutrition is treated, adequate growth is an indication of health and recovery. [5] Even after recovering from severe malnutrition, children often remain stunted for the rest of their lives. [5]
Food-borne and infectious diseases can result in malnutrition, and malnutrition exacerbates infectious disease. Poor nutrition leaves children and adults more susceptible to contracting life-threatening diseases such as diarrheal infections and respiratory infections. [2]
The rate of hunger and malnutrition in female headed households was three times the national average at 30.2 percent. [citation needed] According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 10 percent of the population in Latin America and the Caribbean are affected by hunger and malnutrition. [53]
Reducing malnutrition is key part of Sustainable Development Goal 2, "Zero hunger", with a malnutrition target alongside reducing under nutrition and stunted child growth. [4] Because of the Sustainable Development Goals , various UN agencies are responsible for measuring and coordinating action to reduce malnutrition.
Emaciation can be caused by undernutrition, malaria and cholera, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases with prolonged fever, parasitic infections, many forms of cancer and their treatments, lead poisoning, and eating disorders like anorexia nervosa.