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In atmospheric chemistry, NO x is shorthand for nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), the nitrogen oxides that are most relevant for air pollution. [1] [2] These gases contribute to the formation of smog and acid rain, as well as affecting tropospheric ozone.
Nitric acid is an inorganic compound with the formula H N O 3. It is a highly corrosive mineral acid. [6] ... Nitrogen oxides (NO x) are soluble in nitric acid.
This reaction is the first step in the production of nitric acid: [13] 4 NH 3 + 7 O 2 → 4 NO 2 + 6 H 2 O. It can also be produced by the oxidation of nitrosyl chloride: 2 NOCl + O 2 → 2NO 2 + Cl 2. Instead, most laboratory syntheses stabilize and then heat the nitric acid to accelerate the decomposition.
Aqua regia (/ ˈ r eɪ ɡ i ə, ˈ r iː dʒ i ə /; from Latin, "regal water" or "royal water") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. [ b ] Aqua regia is a fuming liquid.
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide [1]) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen . Nitric oxide is a free radical : it has an unpaired electron , which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula ( • N=O or • NO).
NO x (or NOx) refers to the sum of NO and NO 2. [1] [2] NO y (or NOy) refers to the sum of NO x and all oxidized atmospheric odd-nitrogen species (e.g. the sum of NO x, HNO 3, HNO 2, etc.) NO z (or NOz) = NO y − NO x; Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen ("MON"): solutions of nitric oxide in dinitrogen tetroxide/nitrogen dioxide.
The risk is also high for arc welders, traffic officers, aerospace staffs and miners as well as those people whose occupations are connected with the nitric acid. [21] Silo-filler's disease is a consequence of exposure to nitrogen dioxide poisoning by farmers dealing with silos .
HNO 3, nitric acid, is a sticky compound that can easily be removed onto surfaces (dry deposition) or dissolved in water and be rained out (wet deposition). Both ways are common in the atmosphere and can efficiently remove radicals and nitrogen dioxide.