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One of the first set of formal talks between China and India on the border were following Zhou Enlai's visit to India in 19–25 April 1960. [72] Following this there were a further three sessions of talks, the "Official's" talks, between— 15 June-6 July 1960; 15 August-24 September 1960; and 7 November-12 December 1960. [72]
India shares land borders with six sovereign nations. The state's Ministry of Home Affairs also recognizes a 106 kilometres (66 mi) land border with a seventh nation, Afghanistan, as part of its claim on the Kashmir region; however, this is disputed and the region bordering Afghanistan has been administered by Pakistan as part of Gilgit-Baltistan since 1947 (see Durand Line).
This is a List of international river borders. Rivers that form any portion of the border between two countries minimum: Rivers that form any portion of the border between two countries minimum: By region
The narrow valley of the Galwan River as it flows through the Karakoram mountains has been a flashpoint between China and India in their border dispute. In 1962, a forward post set up by India in the upper reaches of the Galwan Valley caused an "apogee of tension" between the two countries.
The region of all countries bordering China is sometimes referred to by scholars as the China Rim, [3] [4] [5] or simply as China's periphery (Chinese: 中国周边). [6] The China Rim plays a significant role in competition between other countries and China, as is the case with America's China Containment Policy. [7]
China advanced its border claims between 1956 and 1960, eventually claiming the Galwan river basin to the north of the pass, while India continued to claim the entire Aksai Chin plateau. India set up an advance post to the north of the Jianan Pass in 1962, near the Galwan Valley, which caused an "apogee of tension". [ 4 ]
Lo Wu (the romanization used in Hong Kong) / Luohu (the romanization used in mainland China) 1898–1911: divided between the Qing Empire and British Hong Kong; 1912–1939: divided between Guangdong Province, Republic of China and British Hong Kong; 1939–1941: divided between Japanese occupation zone (pronounced Rakō) and British Hong Kong
Ladakh (/ l ə ˈ d ɑː k /) [10] is a region administered by India as a union territory [1] and constitutes an eastern portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and India and China since 1959. [2]