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Inner transition element, a name given to any member of the f-block; Main-group element, an element other than a transition metal; Ligand field theory a development of crystal field theory taking covalency into account; Crystal field theory a model that describes the breaking of degeneracies of electronic orbital states
In chemistry and atomic physics, the main group is the group of elements (sometimes called the representative elements) whose lightest members are represented by helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine as arranged in the periodic table of the elements. The main group includes the elements (except hydrogen ...
Therefore, it is located in group 1. Calcium (Ca) is in group 2, for it contains two valence electrons. In the old IUPAC system the letters A and B were designated to the left (A) and right (B) part of the table, while in the CAS system the letters A and B are designated to main group elements (A) and transition elements (B). The old IUPAC ...
The s- and p-block elements, which fill their outer shells, are called main-group elements; the d-block elements (coloured blue below), which fill an inner shell, are called transition elements (or transition metals, since they are all metals). [61]
The group 12 elements zinc, cadmium, and mercury are sometimes regarded as main group, rather than transition group, because they are chemically and physically more similar to the p-block elements than the other d-block elements. The group 3 elements are occasionally considered main group elements due to their similarities to the s-block ...
In many sources "transition metal" and "inner transition metal" are used instead of "transition element" and "inner transition element", as those elements are all metals. The 2005 IUPAC Red Book excludes hydrogen from the main-group elements, but this exclusion is often not followed in practice, and the 2011 IUPAC Principles of Chemical ...
A 2003 survey of chemistry books showed that they were treated as either transition metals or main group elements on about a 50/50 basis. [ 6 ] [ n 5 ] The IUPAC Red Book notes that although the group 3−12 elements are commonly referred to as the transition elements, the group 12 elements are not always included. [ 52 ]
The s-block is shifted up one row, thus all elements not in the s-block are now one row lower than in the standard table. For example, most of the fourth row in the standard table is the fifth row in this table. Helium is placed in group 2 (not in group 18). The elements remain positioned in order of atomic number (Z).