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The Indian Wars of the early 18th century, combined with the increasing importation of African slaves, effectively ended the Native American slave trade by 1750. Colonists found that Native American slaves could easily escape, as they knew the country. The wars cost the lives of numerous colonial slave traders and disrupted their early societies.
Native Americans were rewarded if they returned people who had escaped from slavery, and African-Americans were rewarded for fighting in the late 19th-century Indian Wars. [24] [31] [32] Africans held in slavery replaced Native American enslavement and eventually many Native Americans were pushed off their land and forced to move westward.
Native American slaves were in the households of many prominent New Mexicans, including the governor and Kit Carson. [90] [91] Black slaves, in contrast, were vanishingly rare. [92] The Compromise of 1850 allowed New Mexico to choose its own stance on slavery, and in 1859, it was formally legalized. [93]
Distribution of Native Americans by county. The following is a list of United States counties in which a majority (over 50%) of the population is Native American (American Indian or Alaska Native), according to data from the 2020 Census. [1] There are 33 counties in 11 states with Native American majority populations.
By 1715 the Native American slave population in the Carolina colony was estimated at 1,850. [11] Prior to 1720, when it ended the Native American slave trade, Carolina exported as many or more Native American slaves than it imported Africans. [3] [4] [5] This trade system involved the Westo tribe, who had previously come down from further north.
During the 17th and 18th centuries, Native American slavery, the enslavement of Native Americans by European colonists, was common. Many of these Native slaves were exported to the Northern colonies and to off-shore colonies, especially the "sugar islands" of the Caribbean.
In some western states, notably Nevada, there are Native American areas called Indian colonies. Populations are the total census counts and include non-Native American people as well, sometimes making up a majority of the residents. The total population of all of them is 1,043,762. [citation needed]
The counts are for total population, including persons who were enslaved, but generally excluding Native Americans. According to the Census Bureau, these figures likely undercount enslaved people. [2] Shaded blocks indicate periods before the colony was established or chartered, as well as times when it was part of another colony.