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Lipiduria or lipuria is the presence of lipids in the urine. Lipiduria is most frequently observed in nephrotic syndrome where it is passed as lipoproteins along with other proteins. [1] [2] It has also been reported as a sign following fat embolism. [3] When lipiduria occurs, epithelial cells or macrophages contain endogenous fats.
Under normal conditions a 24-hour urine sample should not exceed 80 milligrams or 10 milligrams per decilitre. [11] Hypoalbuminemia of less than 2.5 g/dL, [9] that exceeds the liver clearance level, that is, protein synthesis in the liver is insufficient to increase the low blood protein levels. Edema is thought to be caused by two mechanisms.
Minimal change disease (MCD), also known as lipoid nephrosis or nil disease, among others, is a disease affecting the kidneys which causes nephrotic syndrome. [1] Nephrotic syndrome leads to the loss of significant amounts of protein to the urine (proteinuria), which causes the widespread edema (soft tissue swelling) and impaired kidney function commonly experienced by those affected by the ...
Dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia is when the lipids in your blood are too high or too low. Estimates suggest that 53 percent of adults in the U.S. have lipid abnormalities.. Lipids are a type of fat ...
Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel or liver panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver. [1] These tests include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), albumin , bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others.
Formed by the breakdown of lipid-rich epithelial cells, these are hyaline casts with fat globule inclusions, yellowish-tan in color. If cholesterol or cholesterol esters are present, they are associated with the "Maltese cross" sign under polarized light. They are pathognomonic for high urinary protein nephrotic syndrome. [citation needed]
It is not possible for the kidneys to produce urine with a specific gravity greater than 1.040 [40] but such readings can occur in urine that contains high-molecular weight substances, such as contrast dyes used in radiographic imaging. [38] Specific gravity is commonly measured with urine test strips, but refractometers may also be used. [41]
The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.