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Map of the Five Hegemons during the Spring and Autumn period of the Eastern Zhou dynasty. The Five Hegemons (Chinese: 五霸; pinyin: Wǔ Bà), also referred to as the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn period (Chinese: 春秋五霸; pinyin: Chūnqiū Wǔ Bà), refers to several especially powerful rulers of Chinese states of the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history (770–476 BCE ...
The Zhou kings contended that heaven favored their triumph because the last Shang kings had been evil men whose policies brought pain to the people through waste and corruption. [36] After the Zhou came to power, the mandate became a political tool. One of the duties and privileges of the king was to create a royal calendar.
The institution of hegemon (霸), created to designate the one privileged to command campaigns on behalf of the Zhou king, helped to stabilize the Zhou ecumene in the 7th and 6th centuries BC and unify the states against invading tribes. The interstate conferences convened by the hegemons helped to maintain peace, such as the four decades-long ...
The Spring and Autumn period (c. 770 – c. 481 BCE [1] [a]) was a period in Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou (c. 771 – 256 BCE), characterized by the gradual erosion of royal power as local lords nominally subject to the Zhou exercised increasing political autonomy.
The Zhou dynasty grew out of a predynastic polity with its own existing power structure, primarily organized as a set of culturally affiliated kinship groups. The defining characteristics of a noble were their ancestral temple surname (姓; xíng), their lineage line within that ancestral surname, and seniority within that lineage line.
Duke Huan and Guan Zhong envisioned the office of "hegemon" not just as mere position of military power, but rather as one that was supposed to "restore the authority of the Son of Heaven" or, more practically, restabilize the old realm of the Zhou dynasty under the leadership of Qi. [4]
Tiān 天 (Heaven) was the utmost power worshipped by the Zhou, associated with the concept of the Mandate of Heaven, the development of which is credited to the early Zhou people. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It was interpreted as an entity ruling over lesser gods and humans, and as a source of both peace and catastrophes.
Decline in Zhou's power [77] Zhending 貞定: Ji Jie 姬介: 468–442 (25–26 years) Son of Yuan Continued decline of Zhou [78] Ai 哀: Ji Quji 姬去疾: 441 (less than a year) Son of Zhending Continued decline of Zhou. Killed by Si [79] Si 思: Ji Shu 姬叔: 441 (less than a year) Son of Zhending Continued decline of Zhou. Killed by Kao ...