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Delta-sigma (ΔΣ; or sigma-delta, ΣΔ) modulation is an oversampling method for encoding signals into low bit depth digital signals at a very high sample-frequency as part of the process of delta-sigma analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs).
Delta modulation (DM or Δ-modulation) is an analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog signal conversion technique used for transmission of voice information where quality is not of primary importance. DM is the simplest form of differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) where the difference between successive samples is encoded into n-bit data ...
A 1-bit DAC (sometimes called Bitstream converter by Philips) is a consumer electronics marketing term describing an oversampling digital-to-analog converter (DAC) that uses a digital noise shaping delta-sigma modulator operating at many multiples of the sampling frequency that outputs to an actual 1-bit DAC (which could be fully differential to minimize crosstalk). [1]
Direct Stream Digital (DSD) is a trademark used by Sony and Philips for their system for digitally encoding audio signals for the Super Audio CD (SACD).. DSD uses delta-sigma modulation, a form of pulse-density modulation encoding, a technique to represent audio signals in digital format, a sequence of single-bit values at a sampling rate of 2.8224 MHz.
A delta-sigma ADC (also known as a sigma-delta ADC) is based on a negative feedback loop with an analog filter and low resolution (often 1 bit) but high sampling rate ADC and DAC. The feedback loop continuously corrects accumulated quantization errors and performs noise shaping : quantization noise is reduced in the low frequencies of interest ...
Oversampling DACs or interpolating DACs such as those employing delta-sigma modulation, use a pulse density conversion technique with oversampling. Audio delta-sigma DACs are sold with 384 kHz sampling rate and quoted 24-bit resolution, though quality is lower due to inherent noise (see § Figures of merit).
English: This is a block diagram of a simplified Delta Sigma ADC and is my own work drawn using "Inkscape" a free svg editor. It was drawn to illustrate a description of the functioning of the so-called Delta Sigma ADC which appears in the overall article on Delta Sigma modulation.
Noise shaping is commonly implemented with delta-sigma modulation. Using delta-sigma modulation, Direct Stream Digital achieves a theoretical 120 dB SNR at audio frequencies using 1-bit audio with 64× oversampling.