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A solenoid (/ ˈ s oʊ l ə n ɔɪ d / [1]) is a type of electromagnet formed by a helical coil of wire whose length is substantially greater than its diameter, [2] which generates a controlled magnetic field. The coil can produce a uniform magnetic field in a volume of space when an electric current is passed through it.
The solenoid can be useful for positioning, stopping mid-stroke, or for low velocity actuation; especially in a closed loop control system. A uni-directional solenoid would actuate against an opposing force or a dual solenoid system would be self cycling. The proportional concept is more fully described in SAE publication 860759 (1986).
Thus a 100 mm diameter voice coil, with a 12 mm winding height has similar power handling to a 50 mm diameter voice coil with a 24 mm winding height. In 'underhung' voice coil designs (see below), the coil is shorter than the magnetic gap, a topology that provides consistent electromotive force over a limited range of motion, known as X max.
A small solenoid can generate a limited force. An approximate relationship between the required solenoid force F s, the fluid pressure P, and the orifice area A for a direct acting solenoid valve is: [3] = = where d is the orifice diameter. A typical solenoid force might be 15 N (3.4 lb f).
CMS has a large solenoid magnet. This allows the charge/mass ratio of particles to be determined from the curved track that they follow in the magnetic field. It is 13 m long and 6 m in diameter, and its refrigerated superconducting niobium-titanium coils were originally intended to produce a 4 T magnetic field. The operating field was scaled ...
[3] [4] Valvetronic (variable valve lift) [5] is claimed to improve throttle response, low-rev torque, exhaust emissions and to reduce fuel consumption by 15%. [6] [5] [7] The direct injection system uses solenoid-type injectors, instead of the piezo-type fuel injectors used by its N54 predecessor. The piezo injectors were more expensive and ...
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