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In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, a dissociation constant (K D) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as when a complex falls apart into its component molecules, or when a salt splits up into its component ions.
K i, an equilibrium constant for a chemical reaction or process "i": dissociation constant applicable to process, abbreviated as "i". a measure of the binding affinity of a ligand to a biomolecule; Potassium iodide, chemical formula KI; Gene knockin or Knock-in, a genetic engineering method; Ki Database, a database of biochemical information
The binding constant, or affinity constant/association constant, is a special case of the equilibrium constant K, [1] and is the inverse of the dissociation constant. [2] It is associated with the binding and unbinding reaction of receptor (R) and ligand (L) molecules, which is formalized as: R + L ⇌ RL
Stepwise dissociation constants are each defined for the loss of a single proton. The constant for dissociation of the first proton may be denoted as K a1 and the constants for dissociation of successive protons as K a2, etc. Phosphoric acid, H 3 PO 4, is an example of a polyprotic acid as it can lose three protons.
Substrate dissociation rate contributes to how large or small the enzyme velocity will be. [2] In the Michaelis-Menten model, the enzyme binds to the substrate yielding an enzyme substrate complex, which can either go backwards by dissociating or go forward by forming a product. [2] The dissociation rate constant is defined using K off. [2]
K a is variously named a dissociation constant, [3] an acid ionization constant, [2]: 668 an acidity constant [1] or an ionization constant. [2]: 708 It serves as an indicator of the acid strength: stronger acids have a higher K a value (and a lower pK a value).
KI is used with silver nitrate to make silver iodide (AgI), an important chemical in film photography. KI is a component in some disinfectants and hair treatment chemicals. KI is also used as a fluorescence quenching agent in biomedical research, an application that takes advantage of collisional quenching of fluorescent substances by the ...
The stepwise constant, K, for the formation of the same complex from ML and L is given by ML + L ⇌ ML 2; [ML 2] = K[ML][L] = Kβ 11 [M][L] 2. It follows that β 12 = Kβ 11. A cumulative constant can always be expressed as the product of stepwise constants. There is no agreed notation for stepwise constants, though a symbol such as K L