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A sanitary manhole (sewer manhole, [1] sanitary sewer manhole [2] or sewer maintenance hole [3]) is a manhole that is used as an access point for maintenance and inspection of an underground sanitary sewer system. Sanitary manholes are sometimes used as vents to prevent the buildup of pressurized sewage gas. [4]
The manholes are used for access to the sewer pipes for inspection and maintenance, and as a means to vent sewer gases. They also facilitate vertical and horizontal angles in otherwise straight pipelines. [4] Pipes conveying sewage from an individual building to a common gravity sewer line are called laterals.
A gravity sewer is a conduit utilizing the energy resulting from a difference in elevation to remove unwanted water. The term sewer implies removal of sewage or surface runoff rather than water intended for use; [1] and the term gravity excludes water movement induced through force mains or vacuum sewers. Most sewers are gravity sewers because ...
Map of Seattle sewer districts, 1894. The main part of such a system is made up of large pipes (i.e. the sewers, or "sanitary sewers") that convey the sewage from the point of production to the point of treatment or discharge. Sewers under construction in Ystad, Sweden. Types of sanitary sewer systems that all usually are gravity sewers include:
Conversely, the obvert level is the highest interior level, and can be considered the "ceiling" level, being the highest level of that sewer. The bottom of the sewer is called the invert from a general resemblance in construction to an "inverted" arch. [2] An inverted arch is a rounded structure with its crown facing in the downward position.
Effluent sewer systems are a much less common sewage disposal method than gravity sewer systems that use gravity, as well as pumping where needed, to send raw sewage and other wastewater straight from consumers to a sewage treatment plant. There are two main types of gravity sewers, sanitary and combined. Sanitary sewers only treat the ...
A manhole (utility hole, maintenance hole, [1] or sewer hole) is an opening to a confined space such as a shaft, utility vault, or large vessel. Manholes, typically protected by a manhole cover , are often used as an access point for an underground public utility , allowing inspection, maintenance, and system upgrades.
Groundwater entering sanitary sewers through defective pipe joints and broken pipes is called infiltration. [4] Pipes may leak because of careless installation; they may also be damaged after installation by differential ground movement, heavy vehicle traffic on roadways above the sewer, careless construction practices in nearby trenches, or degradation of the sewer pipe materials.
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