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Osteoarthritis commonly affects three main sites in the hand: the base of the thumb, where the thumb and wrist converge, known as the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint; the joint closest to the fingertip, referring to the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP); the middle joint of a finger, referring to the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP). [5]
The extra digit is most common on the ulnar (little finger) side of the hand, less common on the radial side, and very rarely within the middle three digits. These are respectively known as postaxial (little finger), preaxial (thumb), and central (ring, middle, index fingers) polydactyly.
The muscles of the hand are the skeletal muscles responsible for the movement of the hand and fingers. The muscles of the hand can be subdivided into two groups: the extrinsic and intrinsic muscle groups. The extrinsic muscle groups are the long flexors and extensors. They are called extrinsic because the muscle belly is located on the forearm ...
Wartenberg's sign is a neurological sign consisting of involuntary abduction of the fifth (little) finger, caused by unopposed action of the extensor digiti minimi. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This commonly results from weakness of some of the ulnar nerve innervated intrinsic hand muscles -in particular the palmar interosseous muscle to the little finger ...
Thumb hypoplasia is a spectrum of congenital abnormalities of the thumb varying from small defects to complete absence of the thumb. [1] It can be isolated, when only the thumb is affected, and in 60% of the cases [2] it is associated with radial dysplasia [1] (or radial club, radius dysplasia, longitudinal radial deficiency).
Symbrachydactyly is a congenital abnormality, characterized by limb anomalies consisting of brachydactyly, cutaneous syndactyly and global hypoplasia of the hand or foot. [1] In many cases, bones will be missing from the fingers and some fingers or toes may be missing altogether.
The ring finger followed by the little and middle fingers are most commonly affected. [2] It can affect one or both hands. [8] The condition can interfere with activities such as preparing food, writing, putting the hand in a tight pocket, putting on gloves, or shaking hands. [2] The cause is unknown but might have a genetic component. [4]
Phylogenetically, the flexor pollicis longus and the flexor digitorum profundus both originate from a common mesodermal mass. [6] In non-human primates, there is only one flexor muscle for all the fingers, whereas in humans, the flexor pollicis longus becomes distinct. [7] Linburg–Comstock syndrome may be viewed as an evolutionary persistent ...