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The roots are shallow, widely spread, and send up suckers. [12] The numerous stems per plant become scaly with age. The tree has a crown width and height of 10 feet at maturity. [16] The branches are thorny. The leaves are alternately arranged, with an oval shape. The leaf length is usually 5.1–10.2 centimetres (2–4 inches) long.
Prunus ilicifolia flowers. It is an evergreen shrub [4] or small tree approaching 15 metres (49 feet) in height, [12] with dense, hard leaves [4] (sclerophyllous foliage). The leaves are 1.6–12 centimetres (3 ⁄ 4 – 4 + 3 ⁄ 4 inches) long with a 4–25 millimetres (1 ⁄ 8 –1 in) petiole [12] and spiny margins, somewhat resembling those of the holly.
The tree has very strong roots, and thus it is able to withstand high winds; additionally, the tree can survive in very dry conditions. The roots are able to reach great depths to search for water. It is believed the roots are this long due to the wide range of the species that consequently experiences varying climate.
The fall color is yellow-green to yellow. Both the twigs and leaves contain mucilaginous sap. The flowers are small, fragrant, yellowish-white, 10–14 mm (13 ⁄ 32 – 9 ⁄ 16 inch) in diameter, arranged in drooping, cymose clusters of 6–20 with a whitish-green leaf-like bract attached for half its
The main purpose of the trunk is to raise the leaves above the ground, enabling the tree to overtop other plants and outcompete them for light. [61] It also transports water and nutrients from the roots to the aerial parts of the tree, and distributes the food produced by the leaves to all other parts, including the roots. [62]
Tradescantia fluminensis is a perennial groundcover that spreads along the ground with soft, hairless stems and leaves. The fleshy stems root at any node that is on the surface. The plant has oval, dark-green leaves with pointed tips that are shiny, smooth and slightly fleshy about 1.25–2.5 inches (32–64 mm) long.
Rhus typhina is a dioecious, deciduous shrub or small tree growing up to 5 m (16 ft) tall by 6 m (20 ft) broad. It has alternate, pinnately compound leaves 25–55 cm (10–22 in) long, each with 9–31 serrate leaflets 6–11 cm (2 + 1 ⁄ 4 – 4 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) long. [8] Leaf petioles and stems are densely covered in rust-colored hairs.
Quercus agrifolia, the California live oak, [3] or coast live oak, is an evergreen [4] live oak native to the California Floristic Province.Live oaks are so-called because they keep living leaves on the tree all year, adding young leaves and shedding dead leaves simultaneously rather than dropping dead leaves en masse in the autumn like a true deciduous tree. [5]