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Visual or vision impairment (VI or VIP) is the partial or total inability of visual perception.In the absence of treatment such as corrective eyewear, assistive devices, and medical treatment, visual impairment may cause the individual difficulties with normal daily tasks, including reading and walking. [6]
The first school for blind adults was founded in 1866 at Worcester and was called the College for the Blind Sons of Gentlemen. Georgia Academy for the Blind, Macon, Georgia, US, circa 1876. In 1889 the Edgerton Commission published a report that recommended that the blind should receive compulsory education from the age of 5–16 years.
Orientation and Mobility training began after World War II when techniques were developed to help blind veterans of the war. Soldiers who had been blinded in battle were sent to recuperate at Valley Forge General Hospital before entering Avon Old Farms Convalescent Hospital, the U.S. Army's former experimental rehabilitation center for blind soldiers in Avon, Connecticut. [2]
A person might be born deaf and become blind at a later stage in life, or vice versa. In any given case of deafblindness, many possible onsets and causes of this condition exist; some happen gradually, others happen unexpectedly and suddenly. [ 9 ]
Childhood blindness is an important contribution to the national prevalence of the disability of blindness. [3] Blindness in children can be defined as a visual acuity of <3/60 in the eye with better vision of a child under 16 years of age. [4]
Marianela is an 1878 Spanish novel by Benito Pérez Galdós, in which a blind boy falls in love with an unattractive girl, who is afraid to meet him when he recovers his sight. "The Country of the Blind" by H. G. Wells tells the story of a mountaineer who finds himself stranded in an isolated valley inhabited entirely by blind people ...
Sociologist Asia Friedman, who teaches at the University of Delaware, explored the process and function of racial identification by the blind by interviewing 25 people who became or were born ...
People that are pregnant from families with a history of congenital blindness will be closely monitored and need to carry out genetic testing in order to identify whether there is a mutation or not. Red reflex testing is done in neonates, infants, and children to assess eye and vision function. [ 26 ]