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The Second Great Awakening exercised a profound impact on American religious history. By 1859 evangelicalism emerged as a kind of national church or national religion and was the grand absorbing theme of American religious life. The greatest gains were made by the very well organized Methodists.
All these theological, social, and rhetorical notions ushered in the period of the American Revolution. This contributed to create a demand for religious freedom. [12] The Great Awakening represented the first time African Americans embraced Christianity in large numbers. [13]
The idea of restoring a "primitive" form of Christianity grew in popularity in the U.S. after the American Revolution. [30]: 89–94 This desire to restore a purer form of Christianity without an elaborate hierarchy contributed to the development of many groups during the Second Great Awakening, including the Latter Day Saints and Shakers.
Native American Church, 1800 (19th century) [5] Reformed Mennonites, 1812; Restoration Movement, 1800s; various subgroups of Amish, throughout 19th and 20th centuries; American Unitarian Association, 1825 Unitarian Universalism, 1961 (consolidation of the Universalist Church and the AUA) Latter Day Saint movement/Mormonism, 1830
After the Revolution, genuinely democratic politics became possible in the former American colonies. [219] The rights of the people were incorporated into state constitutions. Concepts of liberty, individual rights, equality among men and hostility toward corruption became incorporated as core values of liberal republicanism.
Washington served as a vestryman or warden for more than 15 years. The Vestry in Virginia was the governing body of each church. [7]As the British monarch is Supreme Governor of the Church of England, and its clergy swear an Oath of Supremacy to the monarch, the American churches established the Episcopal Church after the American Revolution.
Massachusetts was first settled by English religious dissenters. Quakers, Jews, and Catholics were not permitted in the colony. Catholics avoided Massachusetts during the colonial period after laws passed in 1647 and 1700 forbade Catholic priests to reside in the colony under pain of imprisonment and execution. [7]
The Religious Life of Thomas Jefferson (1987) University of Virginia Press, ISBN 0-8139-1131-1; Sheridan, Eugene R. Jefferson and Religion, preface by Martin Marty, (2001) University of North Carolina Press, ISBN 1-882886-08-9; Staloff, Darren Hamilton, Adams, Jefferson: The Politics of Enlightenment and the American Founding.