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A reduction in the potential for the occurrence and effect of confounding factors can be obtained by increasing the types and numbers of comparisons performed in an analysis. If measures or manipulations of core constructs are confounded (i.e. operational or procedural confounds exist), subgroup analysis may not reveal problems in the analysis.
However, educated hypotheses based on prior research and background knowledge are used to select variables to be included in the regression model for cohort studies, and statistical methods can be used to identify and account for potential confounders from these variables.
Without having one, a possible confounder might remain unnoticed. Another associated problem is that if a variable which is not a real confounder is controlled for, it may in fact make other variables (possibly not taken into account) become confounders while they were not confounders before.
This research has several components that limit the findings. For example, the researchers acknowledge several potential unmeasured confounders that could have affected the results.
Though there’s plenty more research to be done, the evidence is leaning toward a strong link between a lack of choline and dementia. ... These also acted as potential confounders that could ...
Additionally, diet and potential confounders were only evaluated once, and it is possible that changes could have happened throughout the follow-up timeframe. ... More research may be required to ...
They are considered potential sources of variability that, if not controlled or accounted for, may confound the interpretation between the independent and dependent variables. To address nuisance variables, researchers can employ different methods such as blocking or randomization.
Choose appropriate confounders (variables hypothesized to be associated with both treatment and outcome) Obtain an estimation for the propensity score: predicted probability p or the log odds, log[p/(1 − p)]. 2. Match each participant to one or more nonparticipants on propensity score, using one of these methods: Nearest neighbor matching