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Although the Isle of Man (a British Crown dependency) had enfranchised women who owned property to vote in parliamentary elections in 1881, New Zealand was the first self-governing country to grant all women the right to vote in 1893, when women over the age of 21 were permitted to vote in all parliamentary elections. [8]
Developing later in the 20th century were the new-feminist schools of suffrage history, influenced by the emergence of radical feminist historians, whose ideology encompassed second-wave feminism and whose construction of history was focused on subverting the marginalisation of women in the historical record. [citation needed]
The New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage (NYSAOWS) used grass roots mobilization techniques they had learned from watching the suffragists to defeat the 1915 referendum. They were very similar to the suffragists themselves, but used a counter-crusading style warning of the evils that suffrage would bring to women.
Harriot Eaton Stanton Blatch (1856–1940) – writer (contributor to History of Woman Suffrage), founded Women's Political Union, daughter of pioneering activist Elizabeth Cady Stanton. [ 24 ] Amelia Bloomer (1818–1894) – women's rights and temperance advocate; her name was associated with women's clothing reform style known as bloomers.
1861–1865: The American Civil War.Most suffragists focus on the war effort, and suffrage activity is minimal. [3]1866: The American Equal Rights Association, working for suffrage for both women and African Americans, is formed at the initiative of Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
Attempts were made by the National Women's Suffrage Association (NWSA) to include working-class women, as well as black suffragists. In 1866 the American Equal Rights Association was formed with the belief that everyone regardless of race or sex should be given the right to vote.
Priscilla Bright McLaren (1815–1906) – anti-slavery activist, Scottish suffragist, founder and president of Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage; Chrystal Macmillan (1872–1937) – politician, barrister, feminist and pacifist; Frances McPhun (1880–1940) – suffragette who served two months in Holloway prison, sister of ...
Changes to slavery in the South were smaller, including an end to the Atlantic slave trade in several states and the passage of laws that allowed slaveowners to free their slaves in their wills. Over the 1780s, the number of free Blacks in the South increased from roughly 4,000 to 60,000.