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For example, the yearly averages of NO 2, PM 10 and PM 2.5 are divided by 40 μg/m 3, 40 μg/m 3 and 20 μg/m 3, respectively. The overall background or traffic YACAQI for a city is the arithmetic mean of a defined subset of these sub-indices.
This list contains the top 500 cities by PM2.5 annual mean concentration measurement as documented by the World Health Organization covering the period from 2010 to 2022. The January 2024 version of the WHO database contains results of ambient (outdoor) air pollution monitoring from almost 5,390 towns and cities in 63 countries.
An example of these factors contextualized is an area ... (PM 2,5) 0–10 μg/m 3: 10 ... announced its intent to request information regarding analytical test ...
Problems with thinking (cognitive issues) are also associated with air pollution. In people over the age of 40, both NO x and PM 2.5 have been linked to general cognitive problems. PM 2.5 was also associated with reduced verbal fluency (for instance, number of animals one can list in a minute) and worse executive functions (like attention and ...
Particulate matter (PM), particularly PM2.5, was found to be harmful to aquatic invertebrates. [41] These aquatic invertebrates include fish, crustaceans, and Mollusca. In a study by Han et al, the effects of PM<2.5 micrometers on life history traits and oxidative stress were observed in Tigriopus japonicus.
Below is a list of 526 cities sorted by their annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m 3) in 2022. [1] [2] By default the least polluted cities which have fewest particulates in the air come first.
The following list of countries by air pollution sorts the countries of the world according to their average measured concentration of particulate matter in micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m 3). The World Health Organization's recommended limit is 10 micrograms per cubic meter, although there are also various national guideline values, which ...
In terms of health effects, the guideline states that PM 2.5 concentration of 10 is the lowest level at which total, cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality have been shown to increase with more than 95% confidence in response to long-term exposure to PM 2.5. [2]