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Industrial crops: cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, groundnut, castor, gingelly, tapioca, etc. Food adjuncts: food and industrial use, no distinct demarcation; spices, condiments, beverages, and narcotics. It is also possible that one crop which has been included as a food crop may be figured as an industrial crop; for example maize or tapioca.
An annual plant is a plant that completes its life cycle, from germination to the production of seeds, within one growing season, and then dies. Globally, 6% of all plant species and 15% of herbaceous plants (excluding trees and shrubs) are annuals. [ 1 ]
Corn, one crop for which HYV seeds have been created. High-yielding varieties (abbreviated as HYVs) of agricultural crops are varieties of crops that are usually characterized by a combination of the following traits in contrast to the conventional ones: Higher crop yield per unit area; Higher quality of crops; Improved response to fertilizers
Crops can also vary in less obvious characteristics such as their response to heat, cold, a drought, or their ability to resist specific diseases and pests. Traditional mixed crop (polyculture) cultivation of cacao and banana, Trinidad, 1903. Modern plant breeders develop new crop varieties to meet specific conditions.
Agricultural monocultures refer to the practice of planting one crop species in a field. [15] Monoculture is widely used in intensive farming and in organic farming.In crop monocultures, each plant in a field has the same standardized planting, maintenance, and harvesting requirements resulting in greater yields and lower costs.
The organisation of individual plants in a field is also variable and typically depends on the crop being grown. Many vegetables, cereals, and fruits are grown in contiguous rows , which are wide enough to allow cultivation (or mowing, in the case of fruits) without damaging crop plants.
Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. [1] It is used to improve the quality of plant products for use by humans and animals. [2] The goals of plant breeding are to produce crop varieties that boast unique and superior traits for a variety of applications.
The seeds can be harvested after about 100 days or the whole plant used as forage after about 120 days. Leaves can be picked from 4 weeks after planting. [33] These characteristics, along with its low fertilisation requirements, make the cowpea an ideal crop for resource-poor farmers living in the Sahel region of West Africa.