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Chocolate is a Spanish loanword, first recorded in English in 1604, [1] and in Spanish in 1579. [2] However, the word's origins beyond this are contentious. [3] Despite a popular belief that chocolate derives from the Nahuatl word chocolatl, early texts documenting the Nahuatl word for chocolate drink use a different term, cacahuatl, meaning "cacao water".
Daniel Peter (9 March 1836 – 4 November 1919) was a Swiss chocolatier and entrepreneur who founded Peter's Chocolate.A neighbour of Henri Nestlé in Vevey, [1] he was one of the first chocolatiers to make milk chocolate and is credited for inventing it, [1] [2] [3] in 1875 or 1876, by adding powdered milk to the chocolate.
Ruth Jones Wakefield (née Graves; June 17, 1903 – January 10, 1977) was an American chef, known for her innovations in the baking field.She pioneered the first chocolate chip cookie recipe, an invention many people incorrectly assume was a mistake. [1]
Chocolate is perceived to be different things at different times, including a sweet treat, a luxury product, a consumer good and a mood enhancer. [166] Its reputation as a mood enhancer is driven in part by marketing. [167] Chocolate is a popular metaphor for the black racial category, [168] and has connotations of sexuality. [169]
In 1875, a Swiss confectioner, Daniel Peter, developed the first solid milk chocolate using condensed milk, which had been invented by Henri Nestlé, who was Peter's neighbour in Vevey. [1] [2] In addition to milk, a wide variety of ingredients other than cocoa are used to make the most popular chocolate bars.
Milton S. Hershey, c. 1915 Milton Snavely Hershey (September 13, 1857 – October 13, 1945) was an American chocolatier, businessman, and philanthropist.. Trained in the confectionery business, Hershey pioneered the manufacture of caramel, using fresh milk.
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Coenraad Johannes van Houten (15 March 1801 – 27 May 1887) was a Dutch chemist and chocolate maker known for the treatment of cocoa mass with alkaline salts to remove the bitter taste and make cocoa solids more water-soluble; the resulting product is still called "Dutch process chocolate".