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An IPv4 subnet mask consists of 32 bits; it is a sequence of ones (1) followed by a block of zeros (0). The ones indicate bits in the address used for the network prefix and the trailing block of zeros designates that part as being the host identifier.
A subnet mask is a bitmask that encodes the prefix length associated with an IPv4 address or network in quad-dotted notation: 32 bits, starting with a number of 1-bits equal to the prefix length, ending with 0-bits, and encoded in four-part dotted-decimal format: 255.255.255.0. A subnet mask encodes the same information as a prefix length but ...
A wildcard mask can be thought of as an inverted subnet mask. For example, a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 2) inverts to a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.255 (00000000.00000000.00000000.11111111 2). A wild card mask is a matching rule. [2] The rule for a wildcard mask is: 0 means that the equivalent bit must match
The term subnet mask is only used within IPv4. Both IP versions however use the CIDR concept and notation. In this, the IP address is followed by a slash and the number (in decimal) of bits used for the network part, also called the routing prefix. For example, an IPv4 address and its subnet mask may be 192.0.2.1 and 255.255.255.0, respectively.
network identifier: The destination subnet and netmask; metric: The routing metric of the path through which the packet is to be sent. The route will go in the direction of the gateway with the lowest metric. next hop: The next hop, or gateway, is the address of the next station to which the packet is to be sent on the way to its final destination
RFC 1918 name IP address range Number of addresses Largest CIDR block (subnet mask) Host ID size Mask bits Classful description [Note 1]; 24-bit block: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255: 16 777 216
The large addressing space of IPv6 can still be defeated depending on the actual prefix length given by the carrier. It is not uncommon to be handed a /64 prefix – the smallest recommended subnet – for an entire home network, requiring a variety of techniques to be used to manually subdivide the range for all devices to remain reachable. [29]
As shown in the example below, in order to calculate the directed broadcast address to transmit a packet to an entire IPv4 subnet using the private IP address space 172.16.0.0 / 12, which has the subnet mask 255.240.0.0, the broadcast address is calculated as 172.16.0.0 bitwise ORed with 0.15.255.255 = 172.31.255.255. Directed broadcasts always ...