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Toxins are often metabolized before the symptoms become obvious, making it hard or impossible to test for them. [4] Hungry or thirsty horses are more likely to eat poisonous plants, as are those pastured on overgrazed lands. [5] Animals with mineral deficiencies due to poor diets will sometimes seek out poisonous plants. [6]
Many of these plants are poisonous. The Mexican prickly poppy is poisonous if taken internally and may cause oedema and glaucoma. Even if an animal, such as a goat, should persist in grazing on this plant, not only will the animal suffer but so will those who drink its milk, because the poisons are passed along in the milk.
Ingestion of silverleaf nightshade has been implicated as a cause of ivermectin toxicosis in horses given the recommended dosage of the drug. Metabolites from the plant are speculated to disrupt the blood–brain barrier , allowing ivermectin to enter and disrupt neurotransmitter function in the brain and spinal cord.
The leaves and acorns of oak species are poisonous in large amounts to humans and livestock, including cattle, horses, sheep and goats, but not pigs. Poisoning is caused by the toxin tannic acid , which causes gastroenteritis , heart trouble, contact dermatitis and kidney damage.
Nigropallidal encephalomalacia or Chewing disease is a neurological condition that affects horses that have eaten certain toxic plants. Affected animals are unable to prehend food because of lip and tongue paralysis, and may appear to keep their jaws open with the tongue protruded because of reduced jaw tone. [ 1 ]
Glaucium flavum, the yellow horned poppy, [2] yellow hornpoppy or sea poppy, is a summer flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae. It is native to Europe, Northern Africa, Macaronesia and temperate zones in Western Asia. The plant grows on the seashore and is never found inland. All parts of the plant, including the seeds, are toxic.
Argemone mexicana – MHNT Flower bud of prickly poppy, which is a common weed of India. Picture is taken at Beliatore, West Bengal, India. Argemone mexicana, also known by the common names Mexican poppy, [1] Mexican prickly poppy, flowering thistle, [2] cardo, and cardosanto, is a species of poppy found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in many parts of the world.
Papaver rhoeas, with common names including common poppy, [3] corn poppy, corn rose, field poppy, [4] Flanders poppy, red poppy, and Odai, is an annual herbaceous species of flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is native to north Africa and temperate Eurasia and is introduced into temperate areas on all other continents except ...