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About 28 structural classes of alkaloids are known in poison dart frogs. [5] [22] The most toxic of poison dart frog species is Phyllobates terribilis. It is believed that dart frogs do not synthesize their poisons, but sequester the chemicals from arthropod prey items, such as ants, centipedes and mites – the diet-toxicity hypothesis.
The golden poison frog is the largest species of the poison dart frog family, and can reach a weight of nearly 30 grams with a length of 6 cm as adults. [7] Females are typically larger than males. [4] The adults are brightly colored, while juvenile frogs have mostly black bodies with two golden-yellow stripes along their backs.
Although typically blackish with a variable pattern of green, other colors are also possible. Blue is seen in certain locations in Panama. The green-and-black poison dart frog has the typical appearance of the members of its family; males average 0.75 in (1.9 cm) in snout–vent length, while females are slightly larger, averaging 1 in (2.5 cm) or longer.
Dendrobates auratus (Girard, 1855) – Green and black poison dart frog; Dendrobates leucomelas (Steindachner, 1864) – Yellow-banded poison dart frog; Dendrobates nubeculosus Jungfer and Böhme 2004 - Rockstone poison dart frog; Dendrobates tinctorius (Schneider, 1799) – Dyeing dart frog; Dendrobates truncatus (Cope, 1861) – Yellow ...
The diurnal frogs live along the rainforest ground near streams or puddles that form. Notably, P. bicolor is a member of the family Dendrobatidae, or poison dart frog. P. bicolor, along with the rest of the Phyllobates species, produce a neurotoxin known as a batrachotoxin that inhibits specific transmembrane channels in cells. [3]
D. tinctorius "azureus" frogs in captivity. The blue poison dart frog is a medium-sized poison dart frog that weighs about 8 g (0.28 oz) and grows to 3.0–4.5 cm (1.2–1.8 in) in snout–vent length. Females are larger and on average about half a centimetre longer than males, but males have larger toes.
The red-backed poison frog (Ranitomeya reticulata) [1] [2] [3] is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is an arboreal insectivorous species, and is the second-most poisonous species in the genus, after R. variabilis .
This relatively large poison dart frog has a snout-vent length of up to 42 mm (1.7 in). [5]Gurupi Biological Reserve, Maranhão, Brazil. The best known variants of this species are black below and yellow, orange or red above, but its color is extremely variable with some having whitish-mint or light blue upperparts, some having a mottled or spotted pattern above, and some being almost all ...