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In a vector space, the additive inverse −v (often called the opposite vector of v) has the same magnitude as v and but the opposite direction. [11] In modular arithmetic, the modular additive inverse of x is the number a such that a + x ≡ 0 (mod n) and always exists. For example, the inverse of 3 modulo 11 is 8, as 3 + 8 ≡ 0 (mod 11). [12]
Algebraic number: Any number that is the root of a non-zero polynomial with rational coefficients. Transcendental number: Any real or complex number that is not algebraic. Examples include e and π. Trigonometric number: Any number that is the sine or cosine of a rational multiple of π.
Analyticity of complex functions is a more restrictive property, as it has more restrictive necessary conditions and complex analytic functions have more structure than their real-line counterparts. [6] According to Liouville's theorem, any bounded complex analytic function defined on the whole complex plane is constant. The corresponding ...
If a doubly periodic function is also a complex function that satisfies the Cauchy–Riemann equations and provides an analytic function away from some set of isolated poles – in other words, a meromorphic function – then a lot of information about such a function can be obtained by applying some basic theorems from complex analysis. A non ...
A function that is absolutely monotonic on [,) can be extended to a function that is not only analytic on the real line but is even the restriction of an entire function to the real line. The big Bernshtein theorem : A function f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} that is absolutely monotonic on ( − ∞ , 0 ] {\displaystyle (-\infty ,0]} can be ...
A complex function is a function from complex numbers to complex numbers. In other words, it is a function that has a (not necessarily proper) subset of the complex numbers as a domain and the complex numbers as a codomain. Complex functions are generally assumed to have a domain that contains a nonempty open subset of the complex plane.
In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, the antiderivative, or primitive, of a complex-valued function g is a function whose complex derivative is g.More precisely, given an open set in the complex plane and a function :, the antiderivative of is a function : that satisfies =.
The slope field of () = +, showing three of the infinitely many solutions that can be produced by varying the arbitrary constant c.. In calculus, an antiderivative, inverse derivative, primitive function, primitive integral or indefinite integral [Note 1] of a continuous function f is a differentiable function F whose derivative is equal to the original function f.