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The Black Codes, sometimes called the Black Laws, were laws which governed the conduct of African Americans (both free and freedmen).In 1832, James Kent wrote that "in most of the United States, there is a distinction in respect to political privileges, between free white persons and free colored persons of African blood; and in no part of the country do the latter, in point of fact ...
According to census information for 2010–2014, an estimated 180,657 people in Boston (28.2% of Boston's population) are Black/African American, either alone or in combination with another race. 160,342 (25.1% of Boston's population) are Black/African American alone. 14,763 (2.3% of Boston's population) are White and Black/African American ...
The Boston mayoral election of 1866 saw the election of Republican Party nominee Otis Norcross. The election saw a significant role played by the city's African American electorate, who formed an electoral partnership for the elections with the city's Democratic Party .
Southern states pass Black Codes that restrict the freedmen, who were emancipated but not yet full citizens. [citation needed] 1866. April 9 – The Civil Rights Act of 1866 is passed by Congress over Johnson's presidential veto. All persons born in the United States are now citizens. [citation needed]
Civil Rights Act of 1866 – Declared that all persons born in the United States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition; Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands (1866) - established organization to provide relief and employment to freed African-Americans.
This is a list of examples of Jim Crow laws, which were state, territorial, and local laws in the United States enacted between 1877 and 1965. Jim Crow laws existed throughout the United States and originated from the Black Codes that were passed from 1865 to 1866 and from before the American Civil War.
Horatio J. Homer, Boston's first black police officer, is hired. 1879 Boston Cooking School, Massachusetts Bicycle Club, ... Code for Boston active. [192] [217]
1870 – Black Codes; 1870 - Virginia, Mississippi, Texas, and Georgia are readmitted to the union; 1871 – Great Chicago Fire; 1871 – Treaty of Washington with the British Empire regarding Canada; 1871 - The New York Times published evidence of Tweed's rampant greed. 1871 - Civil Service Reform Act passes; 1871 - Ku Klux Klan Act