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Often lumped into 2-bit, 4-bit, or 8-bit level shift configurations offered with various VDD1 and VDD2 ranges, these devices translate logic levels without any additional integrated logic or timing adjustment. Configurable mixed-signal ICs (CMICs) – Level shifter circuitry can also be implemented in a CMIC. The no-code programmable nature of ...
A level shifter connects one digital circuit that uses one logic level to another digital circuit that uses another logic level. Often two level shifters are used, one at each system: A line driver converts from internal logic levels to standard interface line levels; a line receiver converts from interface levels to internal voltage levels.
A reference designator unambiguously identifies the location of a component within an electrical schematic or on a printed circuit board.The reference designator usually consists of one or two letters followed by a number, e.g. C3, D1, R4, U15.
Stub Series Terminated Logic (SSTL) is a group of electrical standards for driving transmission lines commonly used with DRAM based DDR memory IC's and memory modules. SSTL is primarily designed for driving the DDR (double-data-rate) SDRAM modules used in computer memory; however, it is also used in other applications, notably some PCI Express PHYs and other high-speed devices.
In general, a logic block consists of a few logic cells (each cell is called an adaptive logic module (ALM), a logic element (LE), slice, etc.). A typical cell consists of a 4-input LUT, a full adder (FA), and a D-type flip-flop (DFF), as shown to the right. The LUTs are in this figure split into two 3-input LUTs.
Register-transfer-level abstraction is used in hardware description languages (HDLs) like Verilog and VHDL to create high-level representations of a circuit, from which lower-level representations and ultimately actual wiring can be derived. Design at the RTL level is typical practice in modern digital design. [1]
In the non-tripped state, the outputs periodically pulse low. The protective device checks the output, to make sure it does indeed go low when commanded. If not, the output may have failed or has shorted to 24V somewhere else. Between OSSD1 and OSSD2 the pulse intervals are staggered to check for crisscrossed wiring between the two. [1]
Example Ladder Logic Diagram. The schematic diagrams for relay logic circuits are often called line diagrams, because the inputs and outputs are essentially drawn in a series of lines. A relay logic circuit is an electrical network consisting of lines, or rungs, in which each line or rung must have continuity to enable the output device. A ...