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[10] Python's Guido van Rossum summarizes C3 superclass linearization thus: [11] Basically, the idea behind C3 is that if you write down all of the ordering rules imposed by inheritance relationships in a complex class hierarchy, the algorithm will determine a monotonic ordering of the classes that satisfies all of them.
invokes (k 4) first (which returns 8), and then (k 8) (which returns 16). At this point, the shift expression has terminated, and the rest of the reset expression is discarded. Therefore, the final result is 16. Everything that happens outside the reset expression is hidden, i.e. not influenced by the control transfer. For example, this returns 17:
It is sometimes called "Upside-Down Inheritance" [5] [6] due to the way it allows class hierarchies to be extended by substituting different base classes. The Microsoft Implementation of CRTP in Active Template Library (ATL) was independently discovered, also in 1995, by Jan Falkin, who accidentally derived a base class from a derived class.
Multiple inheritance is a feature of some object-oriented computer programming languages in which an object or class can inherit features from more than one parent object or parent class. It is distinct from single inheritance, where an object or class may only inherit from one particular object or class.
[citation needed] In C++ private inheritance can be used as a form of implementation inheritance without substitutability. Whereas public inheritance represents an "is-a" relationship and delegation represents a "has-a" relationship, private (and protected) inheritance can be thought of as an "is implemented in terms of" relationship. [16]
[8] The intent to redefine a feature, as message in the example below, must be explicitly declared in the inherit clause of the heir class. class THOUGHT feature message -- Display thought message do print ( "I feel like I am diagonally parked in a parallel universe.%N" ) end end class ADVICE inherit THOUGHT redefine message end feature message ...
3 References. 4 Further reading. Toggle the table of contents. Ramsey RESET test. 4 languages. ... (RESET) test is a general specification test for the linear ...
Numeric literals in Python are of the normal sort, e.g. 0, -1, 3.4, 3.5e-8. Python has arbitrary-length integers and automatically increases their storage size as necessary. Prior to Python 3, there were two kinds of integral numbers: traditional fixed size integers and "long" integers of arbitrary size.