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Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. [11] It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis, and bacterial vaginosis. [11]
Treatment for both pregnant and non-pregnant women is usually with metronidazole, [32] by mouth once. [31] Caution should be used in pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. [33] Sexual partners, even if they have no symptoms, should also be treated. [23] Single oral dose of nitroimidazole is sufficient to kill the parasites. [34]
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
[1] [5] [10] It has also been used at a maintenance dose of 600 mg twice weekly for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis suppression. [1] [5] The drug is used to treat bacterial vaginosis (BV). [5] [19] [21] [10] [22] [23] It is specifically used following treatment with or in combination with nitroimidazoles like metronidazole for recurrent ...
Women should speak to their doctor or healthcare professional before starting or stopping any medications while pregnant. [1] Drugs taken in pregnancy including over-the counter-medications, prescription medications, nutritional supplements, recreational drugs, and illicit drugs may cause harm to the mother or the unborn child.
Also, subclinical iron deficiency may correlate with bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy. [34] A longitudinal study published in February 2006, in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, showed a link between psychosocial stress and bacterial vaginosis persisted even when other risk factors were taken into account. [35]
Since the syndrome is due to the accumulation of chloramphenicol, the signs and symptoms are dose related. [10] According to Kasten's review published in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings, a serum concentration of more than 50 μg/mL is a warning sign, [10] while Hammett-Stabler and John states that the common therapeutics peak level is 10-20 μg/mL and is expected to achieve after 0.5-1.5 hours of ...
High-dose dual therapy has comparable efficacy with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy, with fewer adverse effects and higher compliance. [7] Although initial studies promisingly reported higher eradication rates, [ 3 ] there is no superiority compared to the other therapies except in the presence of clarithromycin resistant organisms.