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Venpa or Venba (வெண்பா in Tamil) is a form of classical Tamil poetry. Classical Tamil poetry has been classified based upon the rules of metric prosody. [1] Such rules form a context-free grammar. Every venba consists of between two and twelve lines.
The poem is generally dated to the classical period (2nd- to 3rd-century CE). [5] The Kurincippattu poem has 261 lines in akaval meter. It has 1,440 words, of which at least 19 are Sanskrit loan words. [6] The underlying story is about a hill-tribe chieftain who sees a girl and falls in love at first sight. She falls for him too. [3]
In the countryside, Crescentii castles concentrated a cluster of population that depended on them for their defense and were dependable armed members of the Crescentii clientage. After Sergius IV's death (1012), the Crescentii simply installed their candidate, Gregory, in the Lateran, without the assent of the cardinals. A struggle flared ...
Frontispiece of the De agricultura in the vernacular edition of Matteo Capcasa, printed in Venice in 1495.jpg Part of the Crescenzi calendar. Pietro de' Crescenzi (c. 1230/35 – c. 1320), Latin: 'Petrus de Crescentiis', was a Bolognese jurist, [1] now remembered for his writings on horticulture and agriculture, the Ruralia commoda. [2]
Cilappatikāram, the Tamil epic is defined by Atiyarkkunallar as Iyal icai nāṭaka poruḷ toṭar nilai ceyyuḷ (இயல் இசை நாடக பொருள் தொடர் நிலை செய்யுள்), poems connected by content that unites with elements of poetry, music and drama.
The poems of this collection differ from the earlier works of the Eighteen Greater Texts (Patiṉeṇmēlkaṇakku), which are the oldest surviving Tamil poetry, in that the poems are written in the venpa meter and are relatively short in length. Naladiyar, having sung by 400 poets, is the only anthology in this collection.
He suggests "Ten Lays" as the more apt title. [3] Five of these ten ancient poems are lyrical, narrative bardic guides (arruppatai) by which poets directed other bards to the patrons of arts such as kings and chieftains. [4] The others are guides to religious devotion (Murugan) and to major towns, sometimes mixed with akam- or puram-genre ...
Several scholars attribute all the poems in the later anthology Kalithokai to one poet, possibly Nallanthuvanār, and believe that they were erroneously assigned to five poets (Pālai to Pālai Pādiya Perunkadunkō, Kurinji to Kapilar, Marutham to Maruthan Ilanākanār, Mullai to Chōlan Nalluruthiran, and Neythal to Nallanthuvanār) due to ...