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The siege of Bukhara took place in February 1220, during the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire. Genghis Khan , ruler of the Mongol Empire , had launched a multi-pronged assault on the Khwarazmian Empire ruled by Shah Muhammad II .
Expansion of the Mongol Empire. This is the timeline of the Mongol Empire from the birth of Temüjin, later Genghis Khan, to the ascension of Kublai Khan as emperor of the Yuan dynasty in 1271, though the title of Khagan continued to be used by the Yuan rulers into the Northern Yuan dynasty, a far less powerful successor entity, until 1634.
The history of Bukhara goes back thousands of years, beginning with Aryan settlement in the region. [1] The city of Bukhara, now the capital of the Bukhara Region ( viloyat ) of Uzbekistan , is located on the Silk Road and has long been a centre of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion.
Genghis Khan [a] (born Temüjin; c. 1162 – August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, [b] was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire.After spending most of his life uniting the Mongol tribes, he launched a series of military campaigns, conquering large parts of China and Central Asia.
Year Date Event 1220: 15 February: Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Bukhara and places Yelü Ahai in control of Transoxiana [3]: 16 March: Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Samarkand and Muhammad II of Khwarezm flees to Nishapur; Genghis Khan dispatches Jebe and Subutai to destroy the sultan [3]
Genghis returned to his campaign against the Jin dynasty in 1223, only retaining governance of the northern Khwarazmian regions. The war had been one of the bloodiest in human history, with total casualties estimated to be between two and fifteen million people. The next three decades saw conflicts of lesser scale but equal destruction in the ...
The Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia begins after two diplomatic missions to Khwarezm sent by Genghis Khan are massacred. In 1220 and 1221, Bukhara, Samarkand, Herat, Tus and Nishapur were razed, and the whole populations were slaughtered. 1220: Pursued by Mongol forces, Shah Muhammad II of Khwarezm dies on an island off the Caspian coast.
As a response, Genghis Khan sent a large army under Ögedei back to Ghazni. [63] Genghis Khan appointed Yelü Ahai to restore Mongol sovereignty order in Samarkand and Bukhara. Yelü Ahai managed to restore the order in the cities in 1223. [64] Shigi Qutuqu dealt with the revolt that dethroned the pro-Mongol governance of Merv. [65]