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The littoral zone, also called litoral or nearshore, is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. [1] In coastal ecology, the littoral zone includes the intertidal zone extending from the high water mark (which is rarely inundated), to coastal areas that are permanently submerged — known as the foreshore — and the terms are often used interchangeably.
If that is the case, this section of river can be known as a "tidal freshwater river" or a "river reach." [1] In terms of tides, tidal rivers are classified as microtidal (<2 m), mesotidal (2-4 m), and macrotidal (>4 m). [2] Areas of brackish water seaward of the tidal river section are often called estuaries.
Head of tide, tidal limit [2] or tidehead [3] is the furthest point upstream where a river is affected by tidal fluctuations, [4] or where the fluctuations are less than a certain amount. [5] The river section influenced by tides and marine forces, but without salinity is a tidal river. Downstream areas are brackish and termed estuaries. [6]
A rip is a strong, localized, and narrow current of water that moves directly away from the shore by cutting through the lines of breaking waves, like a river flowing out to sea. The force of the current in a rip is strongest and fastest next to the surface of the water.
Located within the Gulf of Maine watershed, the Great Bay Estuary is a drowned river valley composed of high-energy tidal waters, deep channels and fringing mudflats. The entire estuary extends inland from the mouth of the Piscataqua River between Kittery, Maine, and New Castle, New Hampshire through Little Bay into Great Bay proper at Furber Strait, a distance of 12 miles (19 km).
The river becomes tidal around Quebec City. [21] The St. Lawrence River runs 3,058 kilometres (1,900 mi) from the farthest headwater to the mouth and 1,197 km (743.8 mi) from the outflow of Lake Ontario. These numbers include the estuary; without the estuary, the length from Lake Ontario is c. 500 km (c. 300 mi).
A prominent feature of West Lakes Shore is the large freshwater lake. West Lakes Shore has frontage onto the lake between Tennyson in the south and Semaphore Park in the north. The lake began filling in November 1974, in time for the opening of the nearby regional shopping centre (now Westfield West Lakes).
Tides do not typically cause erosion by themselves; however, tidal bores can erode as the waves surge up the river estuaries from the ocean. [ 22 ] : 421 Geologists classify coasts on the basis of tidal range into macrotidal coasts with a tidal range greater than 4 m (13 ft); mesotidal coasts with a tidal range of 2 to 4 m (6.6 to 13 ft); and ...