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22,000 cases globally (2008) [1][2] Human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-positive OPC or HPV+OPC), is a cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) of the throat caused by the human papillomavirus type 16 virus (HPV16). In the past, cancer of the oropharynx (throat) was associated with the use of alcohol or tobacco or both, but the ...
Oropharyngeal cancer, [1] [2] [3] also known as oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and tonsil cancer, [1] is a disease in which abnormal cells with the potential to both grow locally and spread to other parts of the body are found in the oral cavity, in the tissue of the part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the walls of the pharynx.
For patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, using immunohistochemistry to detect the presence of the p16 biomarker has been shown to be the strongest indicator of disease course. Presence of the biomarker is associated with a more favorable prognosis as measured by cancer-specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS ...
379,000 (2015) [4] Head and neck cancer is a general term encompassing multiple cancers that can develop in the head and neck region. These include cancers of the mouth, tongue, gums and lips (oral cancer), voice box (laryngeal), throat (nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, [1] hypopharyngeal), salivary glands, nose and sinuses. [5]
Tonsil carcinoma. Carcinoma of the tonsil is a type of squamous cell carcinoma. The tonsil is the most common site of squamous cell carcinoma in the oropharynx. It comprises 23.1% of all malignancies of the oropharynx. [1] The tumors frequently present at advanced stages, and around 70% of patients present with metastasis to the cervical lymph ...
spindle-cell squamous-cell carcinoma (code 8074/3) It is also known as spindle-cell carcinoma, [23] and is a subtype characterized by spindle-shaped atypical cells. [24] lymphoepithelial carcinoma (code 8082/3). Other variants of SCCs are recognized under other systems, such as keratoacanthoma.
CDKN2A, also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, is a gene which in humans is located at chromosome 9, band p21.3. [5] It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. [6] The gene codes for two proteins, including the INK4 family member p16 (or p16INK4a) and p14arf. [7]
A large squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue as seen on CT imaging Histopathologic appearance of a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma specimen. Hematoxylin-eosin stain. p16 positive, EBV negative. Diagnosis of oral cancer is completed for (1) initial diagnosis, (2) staging, and (3) treatment planning.