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Dexmedetomidine, sold under the brand name Precedex among others, is a medication used for sedation. [4] Veterinarians use dexmedetomidine for similar purposes in treating cats, dogs, and horses. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] It is also used in humans to treat acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder . [ 5 ]
They are mainly used in research, having found limited clinical application in human medicine. They are extensively used in veterinary medicine to reverse the effects of alpha-2 agonist drugs used as sedatives, like xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine. Alpha-2 blockers increase noradrenaline release.
Medications such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine target pre-synaptic auto receptors, therefore leading to an overall decrease in norepinephrine which clinically can cause effects such as sedation, analgesia, lowering of blood pressure and bradycardia. There is also low quality evidence that they can reduce shivering post operatively.
It has several general functions in common with the α 1-adrenergic receptor, but also has specific effects of its own. Agonists (activators) of the α 2-adrenergic receptor are frequently used in anaesthesia where they affect sedation, muscle relaxation and analgesia through effects on the central nervous system (CNS). [5]
Lawyer Alan Dershowitz says he will sue John F. Kennedy’s only grandson, Jack Schlossberg, after he accused him of killing his wife earlier this month in a rant on Instagram.
Aripiprazole (Abilify) – atypical antipsychotic (non-selective monoamine receptor modulator) [1]; Bupropion/dextromethorphan (AXS-05; Auvelity) – sigma σ 1 receptor agonist, serotonin reuptake inhibitor, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor negative allosteric modulator, ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, other actions, and CYP2D6 ...
As of 1998, the α 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist atipamezole was used to reverse the effects of xylazine or the related drug dexmedetomidine in veterinary medicine, [52] but this is not an approved medical treatment for humans, despite Phase I clinical trials in 2005. [53]
Medetomidine is a racemic mixture of two optical or stereoisomers, levomedetomidine and dexmedetomidine. [4] The latter causes the alpha 2- adrenergic agonist effects. [5] It is often used as the hydrochloride salt, medetomidine hydrochloride, a crystalline white solid that can be administered as an intravenous drug solution with sterile water.