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Etruscan inscription TINIA on an altar stone from Volsinii. Tinia (also Tin, Tinh, Tins or Tina) was the sky god and the highest deity in Etruscan religion, equivalent to the Roman Jupiter and the Greek Zeus. [1] However, a primary source from the Roman Varro states that Veltha, not Tins, was the supreme deity of the Etruscans. [2]
Epithet of Śuri, [9] Etruscan infernal god of wolves, represented by a wolf. [10] Associated with Tinia and Selvans. [9] Catha, Cavtha, Cath: An Etruscan deity, god and goddess, not well represented in the art. She appears in the expression ati cath, "Mother Cath" [11] and also maru Cathsc, "the maru of Cath". The nature of the maru is not known.
The word tin on side B is assumed here to be a form of the theonym Tinia, the Jupiter-like head of the Etruscan pantheon, but it could also mean "day." Also on side B, the deity Thanr is usually associated with divine births and with the goddess of desire Turan .
After the Etruscan defeat in the Roman–Etruscan Wars (264 BCE), the remaining Etruscan culture began to be assimilated into the Roman. The Roman Senate adopted key elements of the Etruscan religion, which were perpetuated by haruspices and noble Roman families who claimed Etruscan descent, long after the general population of Etruria had forgotten the language.
She is identified as the Etruscan equivalent of Juno in Roman mythology, and Hera in Greek mythology. [1] As the supreme goddess of the Etruscan pantheon, she is part of the Etruscan trinity, an original precursor to the Capitoline Triad, [2] made up of her husband Tinia, the god of the sky, and daughter Menrva, the goddess of wisdom.
The Etruscan civilization was a wealthy civilization in ancient Italy with roots in the ancient region of Etruria, which existed during the early 8th–6th century BCE and extended over what is now a part of modern Tuscany, western Umbria, and northern Lazio. [9] The region became a part of the Roman Republic after the Roman–Etruscan Wars.
It is a life-sized bronze model of a sheep's liver covered in Etruscan inscriptions (TLE 719), measuring 126 × 76 × 60 mm (5 × 3 × 2.4 inches) and dated to the late 2nd century BC, i.e. a time when the Piacenza region would already have been Latin-dominated (Piacenza was founded in 218 BC as a Roman garrison town in Cisalpine Gaul).
The Liber Lintaeus connects Thesan with the Etruscan sun god Usil, equivalent to the Greek Helios and Roman Sol. [3] [12] She has her arm around Usil’s back, implying a connection that Helios and Eos do not have. [12] A fourth century mirror now shows her in conversation with both Usil and Nethuns (Etruscan Neptune / Poseidon). [13]