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Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a nerve compression syndrome associated with the collected signs and symptoms of compression of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel in the wrist. Carpal tunnel syndrome usually has no known cause, but there are environmental and medical risk factors associated with the condition.
Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel. The carpal tunnel is formed by the bones of the wrist and the transverse carpal ligament. Pressure can interrupt or arrest the microcirculatory environment of the nerve starting a pathophysiological cascade.
The development of carpal tunnel syndrome was of particular interest for other idiopathic tardy nerve palsies. Carpal tunnel served as a model for how nerves could be squeezed by narrow anatomic compartments and soon other tunnel syndromes were conceptualized, such as cubital tunnel syndrome, and tarsal tunnel syndrome. [87] [88] [83]
By compressing the median nerve within the carpal tunnel, characteristic symptoms (such as burning, tingling or numb sensation over the thumb, index, middle and ring fingers) convey a positive test result and suggest carpal tunnel syndrome. Because not all individuals will draw the lumbricals into the carpal tunnel with this maneuver, this test ...
Superimposed mononeuropathies may also be evident, such as a median mononeuropathy at the wrist (carpal tunnel syndrome). Electromyography (EMG) may show evidence of chronic denervation and reinnervation. Autonomic testing, including quantitative sweat testing, can reveal involvement of the autonomic nervous system. [7]
Median neuropathy at wrist (carpal tunnel syndrome) Proximal median neuropathy; Ulnar neuropathy at elbow; Ulnar neuropathy at wrist; Radial neuropathy at the spiral groove; in the axilla; superficial radial sensory neuropathy; posterior interosseous neuropathy; Suprascapular neuropathy; Axillary neuropathy; Musculocutaneous neuropathy; Long ...
In the human body, the carpal tunnel or carpal canal is a flattened body cavity on the flexor (palmar/volar) side of the wrist, bounded by the carpal bones and flexor retinaculum. It forms the passageway that transmits the median nerve and the tendons of the extrinsic flexor muscles of the hand from the forearm to the hand . [ 1 ]
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes under the carpal tunnel. [11] Nerve conduction velocity tests through the hand are used to diagnose CTS. Physical diagnostic tests include the Phalen maneuver or Phalen test and Tinel's sign. To relieve symptoms, patients may describe a motion similar to ...